1770-1776, Vindobonae : Typis Leopoldi Joannis Kaliwoda
It is this work that first described Capsicum chinense/sinense under – and thus giving it – this scientific name.
With it, a mystery was born:
The description declares that Jacquin had seen (and probably collected) this kind of pepper on Martinique, in the Caribbean (which would be very fitting for it, and where he worked).
But, it starts off saying that he gave it its botanical name because of its homeland, China (which doesn’t make sense but must have somehow been what von Jacquin was led to believe).
My research into this mystery not only found the illustration and description in von Jacquin’s Hortus Botanicus Vindobonensis, but also uncovered that the Natural History Museum of Vienna’s (research) collection still contains the herbarium specimens for C. chinense produced by von Jacquin and his contemporary, von Portenschlag (who points to von Jacquin and the HBV on his specimen)…
“Capsicum chinense” in the Hortus Botanicus Vindobonensis 
The (new Latin) description of Capsicum chinense 
Jacquin’s original herbarium specimen (label) 
Jacquin’s original herbarium specimen 
Capsicum “sinense” herbarium specimen collected by Portenschlag (label) 
Capsicum “sinense” herbarium specimen collected by Portenschlag
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